Introduction

The economic consequences related to treating periprosthetic infections are substantial. Blount disease may be a developmental disorder characterized by disordered growth of the medial aspect of the proximal tibial physis leading to progressive lower-limb deformity. Although it is also referred to as tibia vara (because the varus coronal plane deformity is most distinctive), the disease usually results in a multiplanar deformity of the limb. The deformity consists of varus, procurvatum, and internal rotation of the tibia. This pattern may be a results of the asymmetry of disordered physeal growth most pronounced within the posteromedial aspect of the proximal tibial physis. Floating knee may be a flail knee resulting from fractures of the shafts or adjacent metaphyses of the femur and ipsilateral tibia. Blake and McBryde initially described this injury, which is usually caused by high-energy trauma. Interphalangeal (IP) joint dislocations of the fingers and toes are common. ypically related to forced hyperextension or hyperflexion of the digit, they require immediate reduction. The IP joint may be a hinge joint that permits only flexion and extension and consists of several ligamentous complexes. The volar plate provides stability against hyperextension injury and dorsal dislocation of the phalanx. It often ruptures during a dorsal dislocation and should be related to an avulsion fracture at the bottom of the phalanx. The strong collateral ligament complex resists hyperextension and lateral dislocation injury. The extensor hood complex stabilizes against hyperflexion injury and volar displacement of the phalanx. Atlantoaxial instability (AAI) is characterized by excessive movement at the junction between the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) as a results of either a bony or ligamentous abnormality. Neurologic symptoms can occur when the medulla spinalis or adjacent nerve roots are involved. Distal clavicle osteolysis (DCO) is a pathologic process involving resorption of subchondral bone in the distal clavicle.

Conclusion

The condition usually presents as pain localized to the acromioclavicular (AC) joint. Cerebral palsy is that the leading explanation for childhood disability affecting function and development. The incidence of the condition has not changed in additional than 4 decades, despite significant advances within the medical aid of neonates. Multidirectional instability (MDI) may be a relatively common, generally bilateral, typically atraumatic condition affecting shoulder function. MDI is caused by generalized capsular laxity—that is, insufficiency of the static ligament constraints of the glenohumeral joint (GHJ). There is excessive mobility of the GHJ altogether directions: anterior, posterior, and inferior.