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Volume 05
Journal of Infectious Diseases and Treatment
ISSN: 2472-1093
JOINT EVENT
Applied Microbiology-2019 & Antibiotics 2019
Immunology 2019
October 21-22, 2019
October 21-22, 2019 Rome, Italy
&
&
8
th
Edition of International Conference on
Antibiotics, Antimicrobials & Resistance
12
th
International Conference on
Allergy & Immunology
6
th
World Congress and Expo on
Applied Microbiology
Immune response in
leishmaniasis
in regard to vaccine development
Ali Khamesipour
University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran
L
eishmaniasis is a parasitic neglected disease reported from over 100 countries. The available tools to control
the disease control are not fully effective. The only tool to control a disease like leishmaniasis is development of
effective vaccines. There is almost no vaccine available against any infectious disease caused by intracellular parasites
in which cellular immune response is responsible for protection. In murine model of leishmaniasis, the type of
immune response which generated govern the outcome of the disease; in resistant strains of mice Th1 type response
is generated and a lesion similar to human CL develops, the lesion heals spontaneously and upon healing the animals
are protected against further lesion development, in contrary the same infection in susceptible BALB/c mice induces
Th2 response which accompanies a severe systemic disease and eventually every infected mouse succumbed to
the disease. Although in murine model of leishmaniasis, generation of Th1 response induces cure and protection
against further infection, but generation Th1 or Th2 is not the whole story. The surrogate marker(s) of protection in
human intracellular infections such as leishmaniasis is not well known. In human leishmaniasis, cure and protection
accompany with induction of strong immune response which is shown
in vivo
by leishmanin skin test and
in vitro
, by
a high level of IFN-γ, low level of IL-5 and IL-10 which is an indication of induction of Th1 response. ATh2 response
is seen in visceral leishmaniasis, and non-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) refractory to treatment. Protection
in CL caused by
Leishmania major
, is mediated by the expansion of antigen specific IFN-γ producing CD4+ and
CD8+ T cells. Memory T cell population is responsible for Leishmania-induced IFN-γ production. Effector memory
T cells are responsible for protection against Leishmania infection.
Recent Publications
1.
Elikaee S, Mohebali M, Rezaei S, Eslami H, Khamesipour A, Keshavarz H, Eshraghian MR. Development
of a new live attenuated
Leishmania major
p27 gene knockout: Safety and immunogenicity evaluation in
BALB/c mice. Cell Immunol. 2018 Oct;332:24-31.
2.
Nateghi Rostami M, Seyyedan Jasbi E, Khamesipour A, Miramin Mohammadi A, Plasma levels of tumor
necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), TNF-α soluble receptor type 1 (sTNFR I) and IL-22 in human leishmaniasis.
Trop Biomed 2015 Sep;32(3):478-84.
3.
Hosseini-Vasoukolaei N, Mahmoudi AR, Khamesipour A Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Kamhawi Sh, Valenzuela
JG, Arandian MH, Mirhendi H, Emami Sh, Saeidi Z, Idali F, Jafari R, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Akhavan AA.
Seasonal and Physiological Variations of Phlebotomus papatasi Salivary Gland Antigens in Central Iran. J.
of Arthropod-Borne Dis. 2015. 27;10(1):39-49.
4.
Khamesipour A. Therapeutic vaccines for leishmaniasis. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2014 Jul 31:1-9.
5.
Davoudi N, Khamesipour AMahboudi F, McMaster WR. A dual drug sensitive L. major induces protection
without lesion in C57BL/6 mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 May 29;8(5):e2785.
6.
Khamesipour A. The Need to Teach Vaccine Safety to Basic Scientists and Public Health Officials. Current
Drug Safety, 2015;10(1):76-9.
Ali Khamesipour, J Infec Dis Treat 2019, Volume: 05