Keywords

Lentil, Participatory variety selection, Hadiya zone, Siltie zone

Introduction

Lentil (Lens culinaris M.) is an invaluable source of protein for the vast majority of Ethiopian people. It also maintains soil fertility through symbiotic nitrogen-fixation in association with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Viciae [1]. Lentil is one of the highland crops widely grown in Ethiopia. It is largely produced in the highland and semi-highland regions of the country mainly on clay soil [2]. The Ethiopian Export Promotion Agency reports that improved varieties yield 1.4-5.0 t ha^-1 on research fields and 0.9-3.0 t ha^-1 on farmers’ fields. Lentils are produced in the high altitude areas of Ethiopia. They are a winter crop, particularly important in Oromia and Amhara and also grown in parts of the SNNPR and Tigray regions. Smallholder farmers grow the majority of Ethiopia’s lentils. Most producers follow traditional production techniques based on indigenous knowledge [3]. As CSA in, 2018 reported that out of total production area under cultivation, 119046.04 hectares of land is covered with Lentil and about 175143.56 t is produced with the productivity of 1.47 t ha^-1 [4]. There are many improved varieties released by the Ethiopian Agricultural Research Institute. But in the study area farmers were still used local varieties. So, a participatory variety selection of lentil among those varieties in Siltie and Hadiya zones was conducted to achieve the following objectives.

Objectives

• To identify adaptable variety of lentil in Siltie and Hadiya zones

• To identify farmer ’ s preference among released lentil varieties by using participatory approaches

Methods

Description of the study area

The study was conducted in the Siltie zone (Silti wereda) and Hadiya zone (Lemo wereda). Siltie zone is one of the zones of Southern Nation Nationality and People Regional State (SNNPRS). The zone is located 172 km apart from Addis Ababa. Siltie is one of the central zones of the region with the large plain land, mountainous area, highlands concerning the climate of the zone it has two different agro-climatic conditions, Dega and Woina-dega and consisting 37% and 63% respectively. The average temperature range from 12-26°C and the average annual rainfall ranges from 780-1818 mm. Siltie wereda is located about 26 km from the capital town of this zone. Lentil was produced in Siltie zone 129 hectares out of this 120 hectares of land were cultivated in Siltie wereda in 2011 [5].

Hadiya zone is located about 232 km apart from Addis Ababa. It's a capital town is Hosanna. Latitudinal and Longitudinal extension is roughly between 7° 07’-7° 92’ N and 37° 29’-38° 13’ E. Annual rainfall range from 801 mm. to 1400 mm. The rainy season lasts from June to August. Temperature data obtained from the Hosanna meteorology station shows that of 22.54°C. Annual mean maximum temperature. The mean minimum annual temperature is 10.54°C. The size of this zone is 346958.5 hectares. From this 12.9% is Qola low altitude, 68.1% is Woina-dega and 19% is Dega or high altitude areas. Its average temperature range from 15.1-20°C, the average annual rainfall ranges from 1001-1200 mm and the elevation ranges from1501-2500 meters [6].

Methods

The experiment was conducted at two locations for two years. Randomized Complete Block Design four replications were used. Eight varieties were used for this experiment. These are Chalew, Checol, Adaa, Alemaya, Alemtena, Asano, Teshale, and local varieties. The experiment was based on a total of 24 plots and each plot had the area of 2 m by 1.6 m; 3.2 m2. The gap between the block was 1 m and the spacing between the plots 50 cm. The spacing between the raw and plant was used 20 cm and 2.5 cm respectively. 100 kg DAP per hectare was used. Farmers selected their own preferred varieties before and after harvesting at both locations. Twelve and ten farmers participated in a varied selection at the Siltie site and ten farmers at the Lemo site respectively. Before harvesting, they mainly considered the number of pod per plant and maturity days, and after harvesting, they considered the yield productivity. These varieties were ranked based on these traits and gave 8 scores for the highest and 1 score for the lowest performed variety.

Data collection

Days to 90% maturity and plant height were collected for two years at both locations. Grain yield was measured at both locations for two seasons. Days to 50% flowering, number of pod per plant, primary branch per plant and thousand seed weight were collected for a single year at each location. Day to flowering data was counted as the number of days after planting up to 50% of the plant gives the first flower. Day to maturity was counted as the number of days after planting up to 90% of the plant matured. The number of primary branches per plant and pod per plant was counted from four plants of each central row at harvesting stages. Plant height (cm) was measured the height of four randomly selected plants from the ground to the tip of the apex and their average used for analysis. The grain yield was measured by using the yield of four central rows then converted to yield per hectare. The thousand seed weight was also measured by using the randomly taken seed of each plot.

Statistical data analysis

Analysis of variance was done by using SAS (version 9.0) software package [7] based on the procedures of [8]. Varieties that showed a significant difference, were subjected to the least significant difference (LSD) tested at 0.05 probability levels for mean separation.

Results and Discussion

The combined analyses of variance (Table 1) showed that highly significant deference at (p<0.01) for days to 50% flowering, days for 90% maturity, number of pod per plant, thousand seed weight and yield per hectare across location and significant variation at (p<0.05) for number of primary branches per plant. Plant heights has shown non-significant variation. This result agrees with the findings of Mekonen et al. and Bogle et al. [9,10] who reported significant difference among lentil genotypes for days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height and pod per plants, in reference to the study by Dugassa et al. [11] for grain yield and 100 seed weight of lentil genotypes (Table 2).

Table 1: Mean square values of yield and yield components of lentil varieties across locations and years.sssss

Table 2: Mean square values of yield components of lentil varieties across locations.

Mean Performances of Lentil Varieties for Selected Traits

Tables 3 and 4 data revealed that Adaa (65) and Denbi (64.8) varieties were late whereas local, Derashe, Alemaya and El-142 had shown early days to 50% flowering (62.0) for varieties for both locations. Adaa (112) and Asano (103) had shown late and early days to 90% maturity respectively. The highest thousand seed weight was (41.8 g) for Asano variety whereas the lowest thousand seed weight was 23 g EL-142 varieties. The number of pod per plant and primary branches per plant were highest for EL-142 (24.07). The lowest was observed for Adaa and Derashe varieties were lower branches per plant. The highest grain yield was 2.20 t ha^-1, 2.13 t ha^-1 and 2.04 t ha^-1 measured for Denbi, EL-142 and Asano varieties respectively. On the other hand, the lowest grain yield was 1.63 t ha^-1 measured for Adaa variety. The yield performance of local variety was 1.98 t ha^-1.

Table 3: Average values of yield and yield-related attributes of lentil varieties across locations and years.

Table 4: Average values of yield-related attributes of lentil varieties across locations.

Farmers selected lentil varieties at Siltie and Lemo site

Farmers have selected their own preferred varieties based on their criteria. Before harvesting, they are mainly considered the number of pod per plant and maturity days while after harvesting the considered the yield productivity. These varieties were ranked based on these traits. The highest value variety gave 8 score whereas the lowest variety gave 1 score. Based on these criteria Alemaya, EL-142 and Derashe varieties selected by farmers at the Siltie site whereas Local, Alemaya and Derashe were selected by the farmers at the Lemo site (Table 5).

Table 5: Farmer’s selected lentil varieties at Siltie and Lemo sites.

Conclusion

Generally, Denbi, EL-142, Assano, and Local varieties were showed high yield as compared to other varieties across both locations. Therefore these varieties must be distributed for the farmers through pre extension and demonstration for the study area to increase the production of lentil and farmer’s income source. Alemaya and Derashe varieties were selected by farmers at both locations. In addition to these varieties at Silti site EL-142 and at Lemo Local varieties were selected by farmers. In addition to higher yielder EL-142 and Local varieties were selected by the farmers. Therefore, based on farmer’s preference and combined analysis of variance result, Derashe, EL-142, Denbi must be recommended in addition to Local variety for these locations to increase their lentil production as well as income.

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank Southern Agricultural Research Institute Worabe Agricultural Research Centre for financial support; Debre Zeit agricultural research center for providing these varieties. The woreda and kebele experts participated in each district to provide the trial land for this experiment.

References

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