Introduction

Management of inland recreational fisheries would benefit from stock abundance and size structure data. Feasibly standardised angling methods such as ice fishing could produce representative catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) information on the abundance of different-sized fish in small lakes. Here, we first used standard Nordic multimesh gillnets to obtain number-perunit- effort (NPUE), biomass-per-unit-effort (BPUE) and size structure data on Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) stocks in 11 small boreal lakes in summer. Second, the same lakes were icefished by voluntary anglers using a pre-defined, loosely standardised protocol to obtain angling-based NPUE, BPUE, and length frequency distributions. Effects of environmental variables such as water oxygen concentration and light penetration on angling catch rates were controlled statistically. Neither perch Nordic gillnet NPUE nor BPUE corresponded to ice-fishing CPUEs. However, the length distribution of the catch did not differ between methods. Our results imply that traditional ice fishing applying natural baits is relatively unselective for fish size and could produce valid length-based indicators for management purposes while angling CPUE was poorly related to Nordic gillnet CPUE.

Ice fishing, also known as hard water fishing, is a popular recreational activity enjoyed by fishing enthusiasts around the world. As temperatures drop and lakes freeze over, ice anglers bundle up and venture onto frozen water bodies in search of their prized catch. This article explores the allure of ice fishing, its unique challenges and rewards, and the techniques and equipment used to make this winter tradition an unforgettable angling adventure.

Allure of Ice Fishing

Ice fishing offers a unique opportunity to embrace the beauty of winter landscapes while pursuing the thrill of angling. The serene surroundings, crisp air, and the stillness of the frozen lake create an ambiance that is both peaceful and exhilarating. Ice fishing enthusiasts often find solace and tranquility in the solitude of the frozen wilderness.

Ice fishing allows anglers to target a variety of cold-water fish species that are known to be more active during winter months. Species such as walleye, perch, northern pike, crappie, and lake trout are commonly sought after. These species tend to gather near the bottom of the lake, offering anglers the chance to engage in a strategic battle of wits to entice them to bite.

Ice fishing requires specialized techniques tailored to the unique conditions of frozen lakes. Common techniques include jigging, using tip-ups, and setting up ice fishing shelters. Jigging involves manipulating a baited hook or lure vertically in the water column to attract and entice fish. Tip-ups are devices that suspend a baited line beneath the ice, indicating when a fish bites by triggering a flag. Ice fishing shelters, such as portable tents or shanties, provide protection from the elements and a comfortable space to fish from.

Ice fishing necessitates specific equipment designed to withstand cold conditions and facilitate successful angling. Key items include ice augers for drilling holes in the ice, ice fishing rods and reels, ice fishing lines, ice fishing jigs and lures, and ice scoops for removing ice shavings from the holes. Other essential gear includes ice fishing sleds or portable ice fishing huts to transport equipment and keep anglers warm and comfortable on the ice.

Ice Fishing Etiquette

Ice fishing enthusiasts must prioritize safety when venturing onto frozen lakes. It is crucial to assess ice thickness and ensure it is safe for travel. Ice thickness of at least 4 inches is generally recommended for walking, while greater thickness is necessary for vehicles or larger groups. Carrying safety equipment such as ice picks, a life jacket, a throw rope, and a first aid kit is essential. Monitoring weather conditions, avoiding areas with current or thin ice, and fishing with a buddy are additional safety measures to consider.

Responsible ice fishing practices are essential for the preservation of fish populations and the environment. Catchand- release practices help maintain sustainable fisheries by allowing fish to reproduce and grow. Respecting bag limits, adhering to size restrictions, and following local fishing regulations are vital for the long-term health of fish populations. Additionally, anglers should clean up after themselves, disposing of trash and waste properly to keep the ice and surrounding areas pristine.

Ice fishing combines the excitement of angling with the beauty and tranquility of winter landscapes. As ice anglers venture onto frozen lakes, they immerse themselves in the thrill of the chase, hoping for that exhilarating moment when a fish takes the bait. Through specialized techniques and equipment, ice fishing enthusiasts adapt to the unique conditions of frozen water bodies, connecting with nature and experiencing the joys of the winter sport.

As with any outdoor activity, safety and responsible practices are crucial in ice fishing. By prioritizing safety precautions, respecting fishing regulations, and practicing catch-and-release, anglers can ensure the sustainability of fish populations and contribute to the preservation of our natural resources. So, as winter settles in, grab your gear, bundle up, and embark on an ice fishing adventure. Discover the serenity of frozen lakes, the camaraderie among fellow anglers, and the thrill of landing a prized catch. Whether it's for the challenge, the connection with nature, or the joy of the sport, ice fishing promises an unforgettable experience for all who venture onto the ice.

Eutrophication is a global aquatic environmental problem. Traditional biomanipulation targeting keystone species has been effective for restoring eutrophic lakes. In this study, we conducted monthly fishery assessments and identified keystone species in Zhushan Bay of Taihu Lake, the most representative lake in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. We built the topological structure of Zhushan Bay's food web based on feeding relationships and calculated network indices of fish groups in the food web using network analysis, combined with Key Player Problem operation. Culter mongolicus, Culter alburnus, Protosalanx hyalocranius and Salangichthys tangkahkeii were the keystone species in Zhushan Bay's food web. Culter mongolicus and Culter alburnus had the greatest impact on the food web after removal. Protosalanx hyalocranius had the fastest speed of transmitting information. Salangichthys tangkahkeii was the key baitfish with the strongest ability to determine structure of species in higher trophic levels. Our study provided a reference for scientific management of shallow lake ecosystems and biological solutions for restoration of eutrophic lakes.