Efficacy of Essential Oils from Persea americana Stem Bark and Seed Extracts

The aim of the study is to evaluate the Antibacterial, Phytochemical analysis of Essential Oil, From the Stem Bark and seed extracts of Persea americana (Avocado). This was carried out by the crude extraction of the seeds and stem bark extracts with n-hexane. The extracts were used to determine the presence of Phytochemicals. Stock cultures of test organism such as Staphylococcus aereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Proteus mirabilis were used to test the antibacterial efficacy of the extracts using the agar well diffusion method. The extracts shows presence of antibacterial efficacy which was compared to antibacterial activity of a commercial antibiotic (Chloramphenical) against the test organisms. At 12.5 mg, hexane extract of avocado stem bark shows little activity against Proteus mirabilis (0.0 mm), Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.0 mm). Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the Avocado essential oil (Stem bark) was observed at higher concentrations (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg) for methanol, it indicate the presence of Alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, Tannins, Saponin and Reducing sugar. Phytate extracts exhibited the highest bacterial activity. The phytochemical analysis shows the presence of phenol, saponin, reducing sugar steroids, tannin, flavonoid, alkaloid and Cardiac glycoside. From this research, Avocado seeds and stem bark when properly extracted and purified, acts as antibiotics which can be used in treatment of infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, and other various organisms such as virus and fungi.

Author(s): Oludare temitope Osuntokun, Akinola MO, Aladejana OM and Ogunlade AO

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