Clinico-Pathological Evaluation of Acute and Chronic Forms of Leukemias

Background and aim: Leukemias are neoplastic proliferations of haematopoietic cells and form a major proportion of haematopoietic neoplasms that are diagnosed worldwide. It represents one of the most important problems in the field of hematology. Diagnosis the type and subtype of leukemia is very important as the therapy, prognosis and survival rate changes with each type and subtype. This is a clinicopathological evaluation of leukemia undertaken at GMC Aurangabad, marathwada region of maharashtra.

Methods: Clinical history of seventy leukemia patients was recorded. Peripheral smear and bone marrow examination was done and various haematological parameters were noted. Cytochemistry was done in all 27 cases of acute leukemia.

Results: The present study is a clinicpathological profile of 70 cases of leukemia. Eight (11%) patients were children less than presentations of 12 years and the rest 62 (89%) were adults. Out of 70 patients, 44 were males and 26 were females. Male to female ratio was 1.6: 1. Of the 70 cases, 27 (39%) cases were acute leukemias and 43 (61%) cases were chronic leukemias

Conclusion: The commonest type of leukemia observed in this study was CML and CLL was less frequent. In almost all age groups and types of leukemias, males predominated and presented with generalized weakness and fever. Peripheral smear examination, bone marrow studies and cytochemistry are the gold standards in the accurate diagnosis of leukemia but use of the recent techniques like immunophenotyping and cytogenetics is essential in difficult cases.

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