A Review: Synthesis and Characterization of Transition Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and their Application for Removal Organic Pollutants and Biodiesel Preparation

This review provides insight into the current research trend in Transition Metal Oxides (TMOs) based photo-catalysis in removing the organic pollutants from wastewater. For easy understanding, the research progress has been presented in four generations according to the catalyst composition and mode of application, viz.: Single component TMOs (the firstgeneration), doped TMOs/binary TMOs/doped binary TMOs (the second-generation), inactive/active supportimmobilized TMOs (the third-generation), and ternary/ quaternary compositions (the fourth-generation). The first two generations represent suspended catalysts, the third generation is supported catalysts, and the fourth generation can be suspended or supported. The review provides an elaborated comparison between suspended and supported catalysts, their general/specific requirements, key factors controlling degradation, and the methodologies for performance evaluation. All the plausible fundamental and advanced dye degradation mechanisms involved in each generation of catalysts were demonstrated. The existing challenges in TMOs-based photo-catalysis and how the researchers approach the hitch to resolve it effectively are discussed. Future research trends are also presented. Nanomaterials have gained significance attention in recent years due to their unique properties including high surface area, size dependent reactivity, their tunable electronic structures and versatile application in various fields including environmental remediation and biodiesel production. This literature review aims to provide an overview of the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials used for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and their role in biodiesel preparation.

Author(s): Dinesh Aatmaram Patil, Vishnu Ashok Adole and Manohar Rajendra Patil*

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