The Cytologic preparation methods usually include viewing single cells or small clusters of cells on slides, in contrast to surgical biopsy specimens where large pieces of tissue, with tissue architecture is observed. In some institutions, small tissue biopsies such as core needle biopsies may also be assigned to the cytology service.
It is often divided into gynecologic and non-gynecologic. Gynecologic in this context usually refers to Pap test specimens, i.e. uterine cervix, vaginal vault whereas other gynecologic specimens are considered non-gynecologic.
Dictums of cytopathology - Malignant cells are malignant because of malignant features whereas Benign cells are benign because they lack malignant features and have benign features.
Corollaries: Cells lacking malignant features are not malignant. And Cells lacking benign features are not malignant.
Cytologic features of malignancy: High nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, Nuclear membrane irregularities, Notches/sharp discontinuities, Chromatin abnormalities, Clumped chromatin, esp. differences between quadrants of a nucleus, Chromatin clumping at the nuclear membrane (chromatin margination), Hyperchromatic nucleus (when compared to other cells), Nuclear pleomorphism (comparison of neighbouring cells).
The Open access Journals in Cytopathology provide free online unrestricted access to research outputs such as scientific information and research outputs.
Research Article: Journal of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics
Research Article: Journal of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics
Commentary: Journal of Eye and Vision
Commentary: Journal of Eye and Vision
Short Communication: Insights in Pediatric Cardiology
Short Communication: Insights in Pediatric Cardiology
Research Article: Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research
Research Article: Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research
Posters & Accepted Abstracts: Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research
Posters & Accepted Abstracts: Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Research
ScientificTracks Abstracts: Journal of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics
ScientificTracks Abstracts: Journal of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics
Posters & Accepted Abstracts: Journal of Clinical & Experimental Orthopaedics
Posters & Accepted Abstracts: Journal of Clinical & Experimental Orthopaedics
Posters & Accepted Abstracts: Journal of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology
Posters & Accepted Abstracts: Journal of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology
ScientificTracks Abstracts: Insights in Ophthalmology
ScientificTracks Abstracts: Insights in Ophthalmology