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Journal of Organic & Inorganic Chemistry
ISSN 2472-1123
2
n d
E d i t i o n o f E u r o S c i C o n C o n f e r e n c e o n
Chemistry
F e b r u a r y 1 9 - 2 0 , 2 0 1 9
P r a g u e , C z e c h R e p u b l i c
Chemistry 2019
I
n the development of nuclear energy in Russia and the world, there are three stages, separated by major accidents at nuclear
power plants: Three Mile Island (USA, 1979). Chernobyl nuclear power-plant (USSR Ukraine, 1986) and Fokuma-1 nuclear
power plant (Japan, 2011). On the first and second stages (with a slight delay in 80’s years) and up to 1990, there was a rapid
development of nuclear power, when in the year (20’s)-30 blocks were introduced and their number increased to 391, with a total
capacity 321 W, followed by a sharp decline (after 90’s), removing many of the blocks out of operation, reached the maximum
term of 40 years. So for the post-Fukushima period from 2011-2016, 24 units were introduced, and 17 withdrawn (5 years added 7
blocks). As a result, on 01.12.2016, the total installed capacity of 450 units was 392 GW. At the same time, the prices for uranium
and gas decreased and the latter led to the excess of the competitiveness of gas thermal power plants (PSU with an efficiency
of up to 55-60%). The introduction of new technologies began to develop wind and solar power. It is projected that by 2035, the
share of elektroprovodka on the "clean" energy sources (hydro, CCGT, nuclear and renewables) will be more than 50%. The share
of world electricity production at nuclear power plants fell from 17.6% (1995) to 10.7% (2015). To improve the competitiveness
of nuclear power plants required a significant increase in safety while simplifying and reducing the cost of the actual projects,
primarily the reactor compartment (nuclear island-NW), the cost of power unit equipment, construction and installation on site,
reducing operating costs. The result was developed and have built water cooled reactors "Generation-3+". These are reactors of
Westing house (USA) AR-1000, ARR-1400 (Korea), boiling-General Electric (USA) ESBWR-1650, Areva (France) EPR (1600mw),
and also in Russia Rosatom-NPP-2006 (1200mw) and VVER-TOI (1250 MW). The paper presents the results of comparing the
economic efficiency of these projects. The pace of development of nuclear power has significantly decreased, proven uranium
reserves have increased to 5.7 million tons with a cost of less than $130/kg (these reserves with the existing structure of nuclear
power will be enough for ~70 years) and up to 7.6 million tons with a cost of less than $260/kg (these reserves are estimated to
last for ~120 years), in this case, the need to solve fuel supply problems by implementing a closed fuel cycle (ZTC) in the nuclear
power industry may move to ~2050. This report discusses the features of the development of nuclear power, the implementation
of ZTC in different countries and mainly in Russia, the stages, timing of their implementation, emerging problems. The use of
supercritical pressure water cooled reactors (SCWR) with a fast neutron spectrum in the near future and in systems with ZTC is
substantiated.
glebov@ippe.ruComparative evaluation of domestic and foreign
approaches to the development of advanced reactor
technologies and the fuel cycle in nuclear power
Alexander P Glebov
A I Leypunsky Institute for Physics & Power Engineering (IPPE), Russia
J Org Inorg Chem 2019, Volume: 5
DOI: 10.21767/2472-1123-C1-021