Abstract

Background: Pneumopericardium is a rare complication of pericardiocentesis. In general, it is reported as a complication of blunt or penetrating thoracic trauma, but rare iatrogenic and spontaneous cases have been reported. The level of gas and liquid surrounding the heart shadow in pericardium on chest X-ray is an early observation in diagnosis. These clinical measurements and processes are variable, depending on the patient's hemodynamic state. Cardiac tamponade as a serious complication requiring prompt recognition and treatment.

Case presentation: We recently observed a case of pneumopericardium after a therapeutic pericardiocentesis in a 66-year-old woman with pericardial effusion.

Conclusion: Our case raises the awareness of this fatal condition and helps increase the use of preventive measures to prevent its development during emergency procedures.