Multi-element determination of bismuth, antimony, and thallium in biological samples by multi-element electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer

Direct and simultaneous determinations of Bi, Sb, and Tl in different biological samples using a multi-element electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer (Perkin-Elmer SIMAA 6000) are described. Two kinds of modifiers; Pd(NO3)2 + Mg(NO3)2 mixture modifier and Ir-permanent modifier were tested. The electrothermal behaviour of the elements in single-element and multi-element mode (with and without modifiers) was studied. The pyrolysis and atomization temperatures for the simultaneous determination using the mixture modifier were 800 and 1900oC and using permanent modifier were 400 and 1800oC. The detection limits were 0.82-1.80 μg.l-1 for Bi, 0.86-1.90 μg.l-1 for Sb, and 1.25-12.00 μg.l-1 for Tl. The Characteristic masses were 62.9-110.0 pg for Bi, 41.9-73.3 pg for Sb, and 55.0-440.0 pg for Tl. A standard reference material (Seronorm Trace Elements Urine) was used to find the optimal temperature program. The reliability of the entire procedure was confirmed by analysis of certified reference materials as Trace Elements Urine Sample (from Seronorm 05115459), Bovine Liver (from NIST 1577b), Pig Kidney (from BCR 186), and Tea sample (from GBW 8505). A standard additions method was used to determine Bi, Sb, and Tl in the samples simultaneously. Results of analysis of standard reference materials were in agreement with certified values

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