Meteorology is a branch of space science that incorporates atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics, with a particular focus on weather forecasts. Meteorology studies date back to the millennium, although important developments in climate did not occur until the 18th century. In the 19th century there was little improvement in the sector after climate watchdog networks were created for wider regions. Previous attempts at weather forecasts are based on historical data. It was not after the clarification of the laws of physics and in particular, the development of computing, allowing for the automated solution of many weather forecasts, in the latter half of the 20th century when the great emergence of weather forecasts was discovered. An important background to weather forecasts is sea-level forecasting as it relates to maritime safety and coastline, where climate effects include atmospheric interactions with major water bodies.