Journal of Pathogen Research

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Scienctific Journals In Cytopathology

Cytologic preparation methods usually include viewing single cells or small clusters of cells on slides, in contrast to surgical biopsy specimens that usually include larger pieces of tissue, with tissue architecture. In some institutions, small tissue biopsies such as core needle biopsies may also be assigned to the cytology service.

It is often divided into gynecologic and non-gynecologic. Gynecologic in this context usually refers to Pap test specimens, i.e. uterine cervix, vaginal vault; other gynecologic specimens are considered non-gynecologic.

Dictums of cytopathology are malignant cells are malignant because they have malignant features.

Benign cells are benign because they lack malignant features and have benign features.

Corollaries:

Cells lacking malignant features are not malignant. And Cells lacking benign features are not malignant.

Cytologic features of malignancy: 

High nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio.

Nuclear membrane irregularities.

Notches/sharp discontinuities.

Chromatin abnormalities.

Clumped chromatin, esp. differences between quadrants of a nucleus.

Chromatin clumping at the nuclear membrane (chromatin margination).

Hyperchromatic nucleus (when compared to other cells).

Nuclear pleomorphism (comparison of neighbouring cells).

Def'n: variable staining, shape, and size.

 

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