The study of marine organisms, their behaviors, and their interactions with the environment is taken into account one among the foremost all-encompassing fields of oceanography. A marine biologist is one who studies marine fish populations or manage a marine wildlife preserve and is concerned with protection of marine organisms there. Other popular areas within the sector of marine biology are environmental biology and toxicology. Both of those areas have direct applications and implications for our society. Open access to the scientific literature means the removal of barriers (including price barriers) from accessing scholarly work. There are two parallel “roads” towards open access: Open Access articles and self-archiving. Open Access articles are immediately, freely available on their internet site, a model mostly funded by charges paid by the author (usually through a search grant). the choice for a researcher is “self-archiving” (i.e., to publish during a traditional journal, where only subscribers have immediate access, but to form the article available on their personal and/or institutional internet sites (including so-called repositories or archives)), which may be a practice allowed by many scholarly journals. Open Access raises practical and policy questions for scholars, publishers, funders, and policymakers alike, including what the return on investment is when paying a piece of writing processing fee to publish in an Open Access articles, or whether investments into institutional repositories should be made and whether self-archiving should be made mandatory, as contemplated by some funders.