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Heart Peer Review Journal

The human heart is an organ that pumps blood throughout the body via the cardiovascular system, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removing CO2 and other wastes. In humans, the heart is roughly the dimensions of an outsized fist and weighs between about 10 to 12 ounces or 280 to 340 grams in men and eight to 10 ounces or 230 to 280 grams in women. The physiology of the heart basically comes right down to "structure, electricity and plumbing. The human heart has four chambers: two upper chambers (the atria) and two lower ones the ventricles. The proper atrium and ventricle together structure the "right heart," and therefore the left atrium of the heart and ventricle structure the "left heart." A wall of muscle called the septum separates the 2 sides of the heart. A double-walled sac called the pericardium encases the heart, which serves to guard the heart and anchor it inside the chest. Between the outer layer, the serous membrane, and therefore the inner layer, the serous pericardium, runs pericardial fluid, which lubricates the heart during contractions and movements of the lungs and diaphragm.

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