One of the branches of urology, endourology, deals with the closed manipulation of the urinary tract. Endurology has recently expanded to include all minimally invasive urology-related surgical procedures. In comparison to open surgery, endourology is conducted using small cameras and operating instruments. The surgery is done by placing these in the urinary tract. Transurethral surgery is the foundation of endourology. The urinary tract can be accessed by the urethra, which deals with prostate surgery, urothelium tumor surgery, stone-related surgery, and other basic urethral and ureteral procedures. Laparoscopy and robotics are recent innovations, further subdividing the urology division. The journal's impact factor provides a standardized evaluation method for ranking, analyzing, sorting, and comparing related papers. This represents the average number of citations of recent papers published in science and social science journals in a given year or time and is often used as a measure for the relative importance of a journal in its field. It was first conceived by Eugene Garfield, the founder of the Institute for Scientific Intelligence. The impact factor of a journal shall be determined by dividing the number of quotes for the current year by the source papers published in that journal in the preceding two years.