Journal of Womens Health and Reproductive Medicine

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Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea, also known as painful periods or menstrual cramps, worsens during menstruation. Its normal onset occurs around the time of the first menstruation. Symptoms typically last less than 3 days. The pain is usually in the pelvis or lower abdomen. Other symptoms may include back pain, stomach or nausea. For young women, painful times can often occur without a fundamental problem. In older women, it is more common due to underlying disorders such as uterine fibroids, adenomyosis or endometriosis. It is most common among those who have difficult periods, irregular periods, their period beginning before the age of twelve or having low body weight. Pelvic examination in sex workers and ultrasound may be helpful to assist in diagnosis. Factors to be determined include ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, internal cystitis and chronic pelvic pain.

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