Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic fungal contamination in each HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected sufferers. According to the maximum recent taxonomy, the responsible fungus is classified into a complex that contains species (Cryptococcus neoformans and C. Gattii), with eight predominant molecular kinds. HIV infection is recognized international as the primary underlying sickness responsible for the development of cryptococcal meningitis (accounting for eighty–ninety% of instances). In numerous regions of sub-Saharan Africa with the highest HIV prevalence despite the latest enlargement of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy programme, cryptococcal meningitis is the leading cause of community-obtained meningitis with a excessive mortality burden. Although cryptococcal meningitis have to be taken into consideration a unnoticed disorder, a massive body of understanding has been evolved by means of numerous research performed in recent years. This paper will awareness in particular on new scientific components consisting of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, advances on management, and strategies for the prevention of medical sickness.