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Large biomolecule proteins, or macromolecules, comprise one or more long chain amino acid residues. Proteins perform many functions within living organisms, including the emergence of a metabolic reaction, DNA replication, the host's response, providing structure to cells, and organisms, as well as moving molecules from one place to another. Proteins are unique to each other in their amino acid sequence, expressed in the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which is usually the result of protein folding in a specific 3D structure that determines their function. The linear set of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. The protein contains at least one polypeptide. Short polypeptides, which contain less than 20- 30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are often referred to as peptides, or sometimes oligopeptides. Individual amino acid residues are bound together by peptide bonds and nearby amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by a gene sequence, encoded in a genetic code. Generally, the genetic code specifies 20 amino acids; but in some cases, genetic code may include selenocysteine ​​and - in some archaea - pyrrolysine.

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