Journal of Rare Disorders: Diagnosis & Therapy

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Articles On Epidermis

The epidermis is the outer surface of the three layers that form the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and the hypodermis. The epidermis layer provides a barrier to infection from natural pathogens and controls the amount of water released into the body through trans epidermal water loss. The epidermis is made up of many layers of stem cells that overlap the layer that is made up of directly arranged column cells. The cell lines grow from stem cells to the basal layer. Cellular mechanisms for regulating water and sodium levels (ENaCs) are found in all layers of the epidermis.

The epidermis mainly consists of a keratinocyte that contains 90% of its cells, but also contains melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells, 2-3 and inflammatory cells. Epidermal thickenings called Rete ridges (or pegs) extend down the middle of the dermal papillae. Blood capillaries are located below the epidermis and are connected to the arteriole and venule. The epidermis itself is devoid of blood and feeds almost exclusively through the oxygenated air from the surrounding air.

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