Anopheles Mosquito

The genus Anopheles Meigen (almost global distribution) belongs to the subfamily Anophelinae and the other two genera: Bironella Theobald (Australia only) and Chagasia Cruz (Neotropics). The taxonomy remains completely resolved. The classification of the species is based on morphological features - wing spots, head anatomy, larval and pupomy anatomy, chromosome structure, and more recently, DNA sequences. In a study published by Harbach et al in 2016, it was shown that three species of Bironella: confusa, gracilis, and Holland are the same phylogenetic Anopheles kyondawensis than other species of Bironella. The same phylogeny also argues that, based on genetic similarities, Anopheles implexus is actually very different from the common ancestor to the genus Anopheles, raising new questions regarding taxonomy and differentiation.

The genus is divided into seven subgenera based on the number and positions of specific setae in gonocoxites of the male genitalia. The subgenera system was started by the work of Christophers, who in 1915 identified three subgenera: Anopheles (widely distributed), Myzomyia (later called Cellia) (Old World) and Nyssorhynchus (Neotropical).

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