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Volume 8, Issue 6 J Neurol Neurosci
ISSN: 2171-6625 Neuro, an open access journal Neuroscience 2017
October 16-17, 2017
OCTOBER 16-17, 2017 OSAKA, JAPAN
17TH Global Neuroscience Conference
The effect of mental countermeasures on fMRI-based concealed information tests
Chun-Wei Hsu and Giorgio Ganis
University of Plymouth, UK
C oncealed Information Paradigms (CITs) have been developed to determine if an individual is familiar with a certain piece
of information such as a crime-related item. The main logic of CITs is that recognition of an item of interest (probe) will
generate a differential response, compared to suitable control items (irrelevant), that can be detected by monitoring behavioral,
psychophysiological or neural variables. An important issue is an extent to which countermeasures used by suspects can
reduce the accuracy of the CIT. Recent work has focused on neural variables measured with Functional Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (fMRI) because at first sight, such variables may seem more resistant to countermeasures than more peripheral
variables. Previous work has shown that hybrid physical and mental countermeasures can decrease the accuracy of fMRI-
based CITs, but questions remain as to whether purely mental countermeasures can do so as well. Existing evidence shows that
attentional and memory strategies can decrease the accuracy with which one can use fMRI to detect successful recognition
in standard face recognition tasks. The aim of this fMRI study was to determine if such mental countermeasures are effective
also with standard CITs. Participants (N=20) were tested under three conditions: no knowledge, concealed knowledge and
countermeasures. Results based on regions of interest defined in previous CIT studies showed that the area under the curve
(AUC) for discriminating no knowledge and concealed knowledge cases with multi-voxel pattern analyses was 0.86 without
countermeasures. Critically, memory and attentional countermeasures significantly reduced the AUC to 0.74. These results
indicate that purely mental countermeasures can reduce the accuracy of fMRI-based CITs, even without extensive training of
participants.
Biography
Chun-Wei Hsu is currently pursuing her PhD in Psychology at University of Plymouth, UK. She has completed her undergraduate degree at National Taiwan
University, Taiwan. She has completed her Master’s degree in Cognitive Neuroscience and Human Neuroimaging at University of Sheffield. She is interested in how
people conduct high-level cognition in complex social interaction and how people evaluate expect the pay-offs and take action during the decision-making process.
Chun-Wei Hsu et al., J Neurol Neurosci 2017, 8:6
DOI: 10.21767/2171-6625-C1-005