Journal of Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Sciences

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Brain Tissue

To date, brain tissues are very difficult to obtain for experimental tests in a clinical and lab setting due to ethical and biosafety issues. Additionally, brain tissues obtained from a cadaver change significantly in mechanical behavior due to tissue dehydration and death [32, 33]. In the current work, for the first time, a silicone-based material system is developed, which can precisely mimic the nonlinear mechanical behavior (biofidelity) of the human grey and white matter tissues. The fabrication and manufacturing methodology is based on a recent provisional patent application U.S. 62/189,504 named “Biofidelic Human Skin Simulant” by Chanda et al. [34]. These biofidelic brain tissue surrogates are low cost, castable (in any shape or size), easy to handle, and possess no biosafety issues. The nonlinear material behavior of both the white and grey matter tissue surrogates was fully characterized using five hyperelastic curve fit models whose accuracies of prediction were also estimated. The major applicationFigure 1, Figure 2area for this state of the art technology is to study TBI through understanding the effects of impact and shockwave (i.e., blast) loads on white and grey matter tissues. Furthermore, brain surgeries can be practiced by doctors in a clinical setting with these tissue surrogates. Additionally, tissue modifications due to age, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia can be studied to understand their genesis and pathophysiology. Section 2 presents the fabrication and manufacturing methodology for the brain tissue surrogates, and also the nonlinear material modeling methodologies.

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