With a population of more than 30 million in Pakistan,
buffaloes provide 61% milk supply i.e. approx. 27 million
tons, to its markets. With ‘Nili Ravi” and “Kundi” breeds
amongst its ranks, water buffalo constitutes a quintessential
position South Asia’s livestock. Their feed conversion
efficiency, low maintenance requirements and productivity
on pastures as compared to cattle make them ideal in
low-cost production systems for protein, milk and meat.
However, delayed puberty, long calving interval and slow
reproduction are counted among its demerits; which can
be explained due to difference in management systems.
Two types of management systems are prevalent in Pakistan.
In Traditional one, pasture grazing along river
banks is exercised, with immediate access for drinking
and wallowing. Heat detection and artificial breeding
isn’t needed as breeding bulls are present, mostly. Concentrate
to milking animals is an option. Second type of
system is exercised where “cash-crop” production is the
primary interest of farmers; dominant in peri-urban commercial
dairying. Animals are kept tied and given feed
in manger. None or limited wallowing facility, absence
of exercise, heat detection and artificial insemination are
hallmarks of this framework. To minimize and overcome
aforementioned demerits, Age at puberty is a fundamental
criterion for reproductive efficiency. Lower the puberty
age, the more efficient and economical the outcome
will be. One objective of this study is to find out the effect
of both management systems on the age of puberty and
hence productivity. Another key factor demanding attention
is the role of minerals in reproductive performance
of the beast. Deficiency of elements like copper, zinc and
phosphorus have direct impact on fertility and anestrous
conditions of animals. Given this importance, second
objective of the study is to find out the effects of mineral
feeding on age of puberty in buffalo heifers.
Journal of Plant Biology and Agriculture Sciences received 21 citations as per Google Scholar report