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Volume 3, Issue 2 (Suppl)
Trends in Green chem
ISSN: 2471-9889
Environmental & Green Chemistry 2017
July 24-26, 2017
Page 128
5
th
International Conference on
6
th
International Conference on
July 24-26, 2017 Rome, Italy
Environmental Chemistry and Engineering
Green Chemistry and Technology
&
Factors affecting seawater-based pretreatment of date palm residues for bioethanol production
Jens Ejbye Schmidt
1
Chuanji Fang
1
, Mette Hedegaard Thomsen
1,2
, Christian Grundahl Frankær
3
, Grzegorz P Brudecki
1
and
Juan-Rodrigo Bastidas-
Oyanedel
1
1
Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, UAE
2
Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark
3
University of Copenhagen, Denmark
T
he utilization of seawater in biorefinery has gained increasing interest recently. Seawater-based pretreatment of
lignocellulosic biomass as an innovative approach has been demonstrated in our previous study 1. With respect to process
optimization, factors affecting seawater-based pretreatment of lignocellulosic date palm residues were studied for the first time
in this paper. Pretreatment temperature (180°C-210°C), salinity of seawater (0ppt-50 ppt), and catalytic chemicals (H2SO4,
Na2CO3, and NaOH) were investigated. The results showed that pretreatment temperature exerted the largest influence to
seawater-based pretreatment in terms of the enzymatic digestibility (ED) (t Ratio = 20.398) and fermentability (FB) (t Ratio =
36.861) of pretreated solids, and the inhibition of pretreatment liquids to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Though salinity brought
the least effects (t Ratio is 0.449 for ED and is -0.359 for FB) to seawater-based pretreatment, the independence on salinity
widen the spectrum of saline water sources including not only seawater but also brines discharged after desalination. Sulfuric
acid (t Ratio is 9.09 for ED and is 13.83 for FB) was the most effective catalytic chemical for seawater-based pretreatment
compared with Na2CO3 (t Ratio is -5.55 for ED and is -7.02 for FB) and NaOH (t Ratio is -4.91 for ED and is -7.68 for FB) as
shown in our study. Statement of the Problem: Women who have experienced intimate partnerviolence (IPV) are at greater risk
for physical and mental health problems including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol dependency. On their
own IPV, PTSD and alcohol dependency result in significant personal, social and economic cost and the impact of all three
may compound these costs. Researchers have reported that women with these experiences are more difficult to treat; many do
not access treatment and those who do, frequently do not stay because of difficulty maintaining helping relationships. However,
these women’s perspective has not been previously studied. The purpose of this study is to describe the experience of seeking
help for alcohol dependency by women with PTSD and a history of IPV in the context in which it occurs. Methodology &
Theoretical Orientation: An inter subjective ethnographic study using hermeneutic dialogue was utilized during participant
observation, in- depth interviews and focus groups. An ecological framework was utilized to focus on the interaction between
the counselors and the staff to understand this relationships and the context in which it occurs. Findings: The women in
this study were very active help seekers. They encountered many gaps in continuity of care including discharge because of
relapse. Although the treatment center was a warm, healing and spiritual place, the women left the center without treatment
for their trauma needs and many without any referral to address these outstanding issues. Conclusion & Significance: Women
with alcohol dependence and PTSD with a history of IPV want help however the health and social services do not always
recognize their calls for help or their symptoms of distress. Recommendations are made for treatment centers to become
trauma- informed that would help this recognition.
jschmidt@masdar.ac.aeTrends in Green chem, 3:2
DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C1-003