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ISSN:2171-6625
September 18-19, 2017 | Dallas, USA
4th International Conference on
NEUROLOGY AND NEUROIMMUNOLOGY
Low-grade inflammatory state is a pathological
feature of a wide range of chronic conditions such as
neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease,
Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and
multiple sclerosis. The association between inflammation
and chronic conditions is widely recognised, and since
inflammation inducers may be generated in a disease-
specific manner, the issue of causality and the degree
to which inflammation contributes and serves as a risk
factor for the development of disease is not fully clarified.
Communication between the systemic immune system and
the central nervous system (CNS) is a critical component
of the inflammatory response, and there is evidence for
convergence in the mechanisms responsible for the sensing,
transduction, and amplification of inflammatory processes
that result in the production of neurotoxic mediators. Several
studies have suggested that low-grade peripheral systemic
inflammation is associated with increased cognitive decline,
and that increased risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD)
may be associated with increased systemic inflammation.
Increased levels of inflammatory proteins have been found
in the brains and plasma samples of patients with dementia.
Proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and prostaglandins
promote neuronal death and plus a role in immune to brain
communication by activating the central innate immune
response, includingmicroglial cells. Recently, the ability of the
nervous system to modulate the cytokine production in the
immune system was studied; and the so called “cholinergic
anti-inflammatory pathway” is responsible of the brain-
immune system interface. Knowledge about the cholinergic
antiinflammatory pathway as a specific regulator of cytokine
responsesmakes it possible to consider the crosstalk between
the CNS and the immune system. Thus, keeping in mind the
role of the cholinergic system in inflammation, in addition to
the proinflammatory cytokines, the cholinergic agents may
be considered as new and interesting therapeutic tools in
the pharmacological treatments that may have relevance in
neurodegenerative diseases.
e:
Systemic inflammation and neurodegenerative disease
Marcella Reale
University “G. D’Annunzio”, Italy
J Neurol Neurosci, 8:5
DOI: 10.21767/2171-6625-C1-003