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E u r o p e a n C o n g r e s s o n
Vaccines & Vaccination
and Gynecologic Oncology
Journal of Clinical Immunology and Allergy
ISSN: 2471-304X
O c t o b e r 2 6 - 2 7 , 2 0 1 8
B u d a p e s t , H u n g a r y
Vaccines & Vaccination and Gynecologic Oncology 2018
Page 18
Biography
Adel M Talaat is a Microbiologist with a long-term interest in
better understanding the pathogenesis of emerging infectious
diseases. He has received his Veterinary and Masters’
degrees from Cairo University, Egypt and a PhD from the
School of Medicine University of Maryland At Baltimore, USA.
Currently, he is a Professor of Microbiology at the University
of Wisconsin-Madison. His research involves developing
new technologies and innovative approaches to understand
bacterial pathogenesis and to generate useful therapies (drugs
and vaccines). Currently, we are working on the functional
genomics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. avium subsp.
paratuberculosis. Recently, he and his group started to utilize
nanotechnology to develop nano-biosensors and nanovaccines
to control animal infections, including avian viral agents. In 2011,
he started a biotechnology company (Pan Genome Systems,
INC.) to further develop intellectual properties generated by
his group (vaccine-based patents) into products useful to
improve human and animal health. During the past decade, he
has mentored 17 Undergraduates, 19 Graduate students and
10 Postdoctoral fellows in his laboratory at the University of
Wisconsin-Madison. The results of his career at UW-Madison
were shared through more than 50 articles in peer-reviewed
journals.
Nanovaccines for animal diseases: the
polyanhydride platform technology
Adel M Talaat1, Akanksha Thukral1,
Brock Bakke1, Kathleen Ross², Chungyi
Hansen1, Yashdeep Phanse1, Balaji
Narasimhan2 and Jorge E Osorio1
¹University of Wisconsin, USA
²Iowa State University, USA
Adel M Talaat et al., Journal of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Volume: 4
DOI: 10.21767/2471-304X-C2-004 Euro Vaccines 2018
The economic success of animal production worldwide hinges on extensive
use of vaccines to control bacterial and viral infections. Most of the current
antibiotics are not used in food animals to curb the problem of spreading drug-
resistant pathogens and anti-viral agents are expensive to use in animals. Despite
vaccines are available to combat many of the important pathogens that impact
animal health, most of these vaccines do not provide sufficient immunity against
emerging infections and are not stable under field conditions. In this project,
we are applying synthetic, biodegradable polyanhydride nanoparticles (PAN) to
improve efficiency and delivery of protective antigens for prolonged and robust
induction of immune responses. We tested this platform technology using two
different infection models including bacterial (Johne’s disease) and viral (avian
influenza) diseases. To start, we examined the fate of PANs in mice and chicken
which resulted in no untoward effects on animals, confirming the safety of PAN
in two approved models of the target diseases, respectively. We also deciphered
the immunogenicity and protective immunity of key antigens encapsulated within
PANs in standard immunization and challengemodels for testing vaccine efficacy.
Immunological assays demonstrated a substantial increase in the levels of
antigen-specific T cell responses post-vaccination in the PAN-vaccinated groups
as indicated by high percentages of triple cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α) producing
CD8+ T cells, a key marker for successful vaccination. More importantly, when
animals were immunized with PAN-based vaccines, superior protection as
indicated by lower tissue pathogen loads were elicited for both Johne’s disease
and avian influenza models. Currently, we are trying more approaches to examine
the utility of nanovaccines as platform technology for animal vaccination to
overcome problems associated with traditional vaccine applications under field
conditions.