Research Article - (2014) Volume 4, Issue 1
1Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
The purpose of present research is to, Determination Indices professional competence of teachers of general physical education of universities in Iran The research samples 300 professors and instructors in different units of the physical education course, Islamic Azad University ,governmental and non-profit have formed. Research on the method of sampling for the purpose of the selected sample group has been significant research professors and instructors of the 89 women and 184 of the professors and instructors have formed man To cite the findings of a study of documents and library section, to the initial questionnaire expert group consensus approach of closed type, with 28 Category was prepared. To calculate the validity of the questionnaire should be considered to obtain the coefficient of cronbach's alpha test, came at the start of 0.889 factor analysis, first test the adequacy of sampling for authentication, KMO in this study, calculated that of 0.875 is equal to the adequacy of the sample size and factor analysis on the test. The test results in this research Bartlett with degrees of freedom equal the calculated 2008.508 300 in p<%1 is significant. As a result there is a significant correlation between the variables. So the possibility of identifying and defining new variables based on solidarity, operating there. Factor analysis confirmed the test results, the table (accounts) between indicators (Communalities), in the column Extraction (mining), indicating that at this stage all 25 indicators, with the original sample research group has been accepted. Correlation between the factors in the table on rotation matrix (Rotated Component Matrix), according to the biggest factor and the amount of time their solidarity with each other, as a subset of a factor (standard) have been classified. In this study, most of the indicators of the 25 final questionnaire, click index 1 operating time. (Orthogonal rotation in this study used Warimaks which is the most common method of orthogonal rotation factor analysis). The standard in determining the order of priority in this study was being assume normal distribution with a mean of indices is used. the results of the standard priority from the perspective of the Group 6 's sample was of the order of the phrase: The standard of knowledge (rated high academic records) with an average of 4.65 4.37 average championship sports history, the standard, the standard history of the Championship in the history of the standard, with an average of 4.29 coaching with an average of 4.08, a standard sports skills teaching ability with an average of 2.43, standard of fitness instructor with an average of 2.21 as can be observed, the average of the two standard sports and fitness skills compared to the average of the other standards, reduce burdensome shows different standard average exercise two., probably not a priority The sample group you think fable.
indicators, professional competence, physical education
Physical education in the framework of the education system, every society has always been personal and social values, it causes physical and intellectual development of children and young people and provides therefore, physical education and sport component inherent in education and a means to achieve physical and mental health of the young generation that notions of fitness, health, personal and social growth and the mental health of society is dealing[1]. The lessons of physical education and health with the aim of maintaining the health of the public, students and also earn and upgrade the motor skills and flourishing talents in the curriculum and teachers rather than the courses should provide the above goals.
Today, detecting factors influencing human motivation in order to tap more resources and increase efficiency is a fixed matter in all organization and management systems[6].
This is not possible unless the qualified individuals to teach these courses are identified and applied. In the training, development and promotion of scientific and technical standards should be accelerated and more if this would not run not only can't afford to get the desired scientific purposes but gradually it away. scientific management of founder Taylor believes that the success and efficiency of each profession and is based on the three principles of occupational choice of the most suitable person for employment in the profession, the right to education of persons selected, so that the knowledge The necessary theoretical and scientific skills in their strong motivation for education, there is more activity and continuing employment in the profession[3].
The Mission of the great universities in any country, in addition to the transfer of specialized knowledge to new generations, to provide the necessary background for optimal and variation in knowledge, skills assessment. The process of education as well as for scientific developments with need. It seems that others are merely having knowledge or teaching art or love to teach, to train a man of outstanding, although a necessary condition but not enough for a new plan should be in. and with the recognition of professional qualifications standards and indicators of the instructors of universities, scientific, objective and accurate criteria for recognition of qualified individuals, editor. Playing such a difficult mission without taking advantage of the highly qualified professors and instructors to emphasize this is not possible, the., which is the main and fundamental operating such a change in the University human resources (especially professors and instructors).
Physical education lessons in addition to the theoretical knowledge and skills particular goals in sport and physical readiness skills follow. To this direction in terms of the nature of the particular purposes or other courses and to some extent different. Consequently this is optimal for physical education instructors teaching this course, in addition to the theoretical knowledge should be of an appropriate level of knowledge, experience, performance, etc.. The lack of objective standards and a question that can be bred in the realization of the objectives of University courses with difficulty encountered makes standardization of human resources in higher education, this means that on the basis of objective scientific criteria and specific parameters and to attract qualified people action. in other words, expect the process of with acceptable criteria for evaluation, and evaluation of human resources efficiently. One of the most important concerns of the educational system of different communities and the use of qualified individuals involved in teaching or in other words, the formulation of staffing standards and implications section. in this field Navabi, et al. (2010) in a study of the optimal master from the viewpoints of University of medical sciences, Babol, Iran were examined the results of this study showed that the individual criteria, such as the fan expression, gestures, how to walk, teaching, teaching, during the rules of experience and up-to-date information Having a teacher as the most important criteria are a powerful master of Zierk, et al. (2006), a study of the professional standards reviews the President he is in higher education and technical skills and the results of the research showed the ability to rank first and second rank and attitude knowledge is ranked third[5].
Dadkhah et al (2009) the characteristics of a good master from the perspective of the Ardabil University of medical sciences students, and the results of the research showed the flexibility of the master and the master and the flexibility of the criticism of the preparation for students and creating bug fixes the participation of students in the class discussions and presenting new content and assessment methods and practices originates from the expression and preparation for important items students bug fixes[2]. Mazlomi, et al. (2008) research as a capable master from the viewpoint of characteristics of University students Medical Sciences Sedoghi Yazd did and the results of the research showed, and computer and English language proficiency than other properties of a capable master with more weight was evaluated by the students[4].
To invoke a certain standard of criminal evidence available to absorb the lessons of physical education instructors and teachers there and in selecting and recruiting individuals solely to the applicant's qualifications to be adequate, it appears to rely on the scientific degrees documents and spend to address such an important task does not suffice. Because all professors and lecturers of scientific experts from the same level of similar documents in the index, such as theoretical knowledge, practical skills, practical experience, and professional conduct. In other words, are not entitled to, all the teachers educational documents with Ms. and PhD. in terms of professional competence to teach the lessons of physical education is not at the level of the public. On the other hand, the lack of professional competence valid indices of, reduce their evaluation and motivation to attempt to upgrade and increase individual productivity as well. With the formulation of standards and the professional competence indicators, in addition to all the necessary information about the abilities of certain qualified individuals to the authorities, the tutor of their qualitative and quantitative indicators shall be informed about the study, and also to determine the strengths and weaknesses he has, his motivation to upgrade the scientific level and increasing the efficiency of their performance as a group increases the instructors of these educational goals at universities and centers Higher education, placed on the qualitative and quantitative objectives are an important and effective role in higher education and human resources development in the education on all-round development axis is transition effects.
The fundamental issue in this study, identifying and developing standards and the professional competence of teachers of public physical education unit. Obviously, the target indicators and standards should be science and unity necessary for the identification of qualified persons and to qualitative and quantitative indicators affecting the teaching and performance. This feature of the necessity of relying on the standards and indicators and repeat the measuring period assimilated individuals, provided the necessary background knowledge and company can be your performance quality and quantity on the surface could qualify By way of definition, maintain. among these tries is that the following set of standards and indicators are acceptable level of physical education instructors the ability to specify and display. the aim of compiling them in no way clear and equal quality of words is not superior but rather should recognize them. The fundamental question of this study was to identify and formulate standards and indicators of public physical education instructors in universities and higher education centers.
The objective of the research in terms of the type of applied research, in terms of data collection methods, this collection of research is descriptive research is a subset of and approach to factor analysis has been conducted the original study sample group, citing to the table to determine the sample size Morgan. In this way, the sample size and statistical society, according to the research of 278, 13 male and female instructors and professors of physical education majors formed (116 male and 184 female persons). Gender differences in the number of samples by the researcher is not applied to this gender difference number. in examples of the presence of numbers of professors and lecturers in universities has been caused by man. The nature of the research will require that the owner and experienced individuals to take advantage for example. Because of this method of sampling in research for selective and non-random.
For information collected in this study, in addition to personal information questionnaire includes gender, age management, management, history, the level of education, field of study and tendency of the study subjects were used. A questionnaire with 28 (index) on a sample of 40 instructors and professors were public courses of physical education and the acquisition of cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.659. Because the coefficient of cronbach's alpha, for the overwhelming approval of the validity of the initial questionnaire does not think enough, by removing the 3 indicator that has little correlation with other indicators were the initial questionnaire, the coefficient of cronbach's alpha index increased with 25 0.893.
To confirm the final questionnaire validity before executing the method of expert consensus has been associated with. After you run a test, the final factor in the KMO 0.870 analysis calculated against which the adequacy of sample size. Test load were calculated against the 4846.343 significant levels of P<0.5 and despite the time factor in the questionnaire refers in the first stage and to identify indicators, data analysis method of content analysis of theoretical, comparative study and expert consensus, action.
And the next step is to compile the index standard and its subset, the operating methods of combining test analysis, Confirmatory (By Confirmatory Analysis) and certified advantage is the consensus, and the method of factor analysis in order to determine the extent of Confirmatory to be operating and compliance (standards) or mainly defined beforehand with a set of observed data, is used to determine the priority of the data, the average distribution of The default has been associated with natural The final standards in compiling their data, priority data, open questions in the questionnaire, sample and expert consensus has been collected on the descriptive part based on research with the use of descriptive statistics in the form of indices offers an abundance of tables and using charts to show the other accordingly. in determining the reliability of the data, according to test results cronbach's alpha coefficient and sample size to determine the sufficiency of the KMO research benefiting. test results analysis Tandy also factor the necessary explanation and description are provided as special tables. Finally the standard indicators that the main objective of the research and the final will be deemed, in the form of researcher.
The research group of the selected sample of female professors and instructors 116 and 184 of the professors and instructors have formed man.
131 members of the Group of the plaintiffs against the sample with 56.33 percent, 43.67 other instructors trainers master Fellowship, knowledge of different subjects and teachers helpers physical education have formed.
93.6% of the sample group of learned knowledge of the field of physical education. Four percent of other graduates in the sample group were accused of participation in research and seven percent of the sample group have formed Bachelor degree holders. This group includes people who in addition to teaching General and specialized courses (practical) physical education degree, has a history of membership in the national team or national coaching experience in different fields. Approximately 87% of the sample group of graduates of physical education majors graduate and above have formed. Average teaching experience of women in the sample group of universities, teaching history and men's average 13.7 this group 14.3 years. This has been confirmed to group examples of experience required for participation in the research.
Table No.1: on the correlation matrix between the rotation of the table indexes
The above table correlation matrix between the indicators and operating data (standards) after rotation. The amount of correlation between 1 + and 1-can change. According to the data of this table, according to the biggest factor times each of the indicators and the extent of their solidarity, as a subset of a factor (standard) have been classified in categories table above this with a more full color lines is shown in each column.
Table No. 2: matrix converter OS x
The above table for the calculation of the operating matrix rotation matrix, the main factor of (not spin) is used. Whatever the amount of data in this table are non-zero elements of each factor is close to the expansive, rotate the small and if the amount of the operating elements are larger than 50% of a larger rotation has been used a great deal in small or located. Turning elements can be used with the table data. the table above shows that the more indicators 1 operating on time.
Operating order of priority (standard).
The average survey data shows that the standard of knowledge on the part of the first priority group, with an average of 4.65 earn. The second priority is with an average of 4.37 to individual Championships in sports, precedent. Business coaching with championship standard average 4.29 in the third priority, Switzerland. The fourth priority to the standard history of coaching with an average of 4.08. The standard sports skills training to earn an average of 2.43, and the fifth priority. The standard of fitness also earn an average of 2.21 in the sixth priority. earn an average of two different standards, you probably lack of their priority group is part of the sample from the sample group guidelines open response questions, earn academic degrees in physical education, synonymous with the standard of the two jurisdictions, it has been deemed unnecessary and two standard vine study is the result.
With the existing evidence and considering the logical reasons for the plan, based on inadequate priority two standard fitness and sports skills, by sample groups (open questions in the questionnaire response) with a certified standard, two group fitness and sports skills, was deleted from the standard collection. And to cite the findings of a questionnaire response and research open divisions gathered consensus going on, some of the indicators related to the following standards as well as their index was added. for example, teaching history index compilation, research and. .. To set the standard of knowledge was added the following index sets. some sports Championship as well, to cite the findings of the study, the remaining four standard adjustment. the following indicators and set as the standard, and its uptake of indicators (employment) for general physical education instructors in universities and centers of higher education, is provided.
According to the results of research of professional competence standards mainly the public physical education instructors unit 1 and 2 universities and centers of higher education was determined and the extent of the importance of each of the indicators from the perspective of the statistical sample was determined, according to research that explores the present subject found directly on, some of the research that is close to the subject of the present study were discussed .Research on the standard of knowledge that have the highest rating and as the first index was known, the results of research with some findings of the Ziraket al (2009), Navabi, et al. (2010), higher teacher training center, Vienna (2002), Today the use of qualified personnel who have the qualifications related to higher and higher is about to be a lot of emphasis, particularly in the field of physical education, which has practical skills there is a related degree rated.
The standard sports skills training as a second index, the standard history of the sports championships, third in coaching Championship index of the fourth, fifth and in sports coaching index your fitness index, known as the sixth person was, the results of research with some of the hostages held et al. (2009), navabi, et al. (2010), the National Association of the United Kingdom 2004, complies
Because the string "physical education is the ability to run the sports skills have certain significance in this series and if the teacher has a history of outstanding coaching and a Championship have been very valuable and the teaching quality and efficiency to higher walk will be added, the existence of optimal physical preparation instructor also makes his performance and effectiveness.
In conclusion the overall standard of knowledge that includes having high academic qualifications related to the field of physical education was This is the highest rating and the ability training of sports skills of physical education in common universities in Lesson 1 and 2 is the second individual championship record and index having the highest priorities can be suggestion that universities and higher education centers in their specialist forces to acknowledge the importance of these indicators are more.
I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch which helped me in completing this task through various stages.
